Journal of Economic Geography Advance Access originally published online on November 4, 2004
Journal of Economic Geography 2005 5(2):201-234; doi:10.1093/jnlecg/lbh037
Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 5, No. 2, © Oxford University Press 2005; all rights reserved.
The structure of simple New Economic Geography models (or, On identical twins)
* Département d'Economie Politique, University of Geneva, Bd. Du Pont d'Arve 40, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; and CEPR. email
Robert{at}ecopo.unige.ch
Abstract
This paper shows that the mathematical structure of the most widely used New Economic Geography models is identical, irrespective of the underlying agglomeration mechanism assumed (factor migration, input-output linkages, endogenous capital accumulation). This enables us to provide analytical proofs to four important and related results in the field. First, standard models display at most two interior steady states beyond the symmetric one. Second, when interior, asymmetric steady-states exist they are unstable. Third, location displays hysteresis. Finally, with forward looking agents a shock to expectations might trigger an equilibrium switch. This paper also stresses the empirical implications of the most important results derived in this study.
Keywords: New Economic Geography, natural state space, number of steady-states, stability, hysteresis, expectations,
JEL classifications: C62, D58, F12, R12
Date submitted: 2 March 2004
Date accepted: 9 April 2004
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