Journal of Economic Geography 4 (2004) pp. 131-156
Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 4, No. 2, © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved.
Spatial evolution of the US urban system
* Department of Economics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA. email
yioannid{at}tufts.edu
** Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK. Also Centre for Economic Policy Research and the Centre for Economic Performance, LSE. email
h.g.overman{at}lse.ac.uk
Abstract
We examine spatial features of the evolution of the US urban system using US Census data for 19001990 with non-parametric kernel estimation techniques that accommodate the complexity of the urban system. We consider spatial features of the location of cities and city outcomes in terms of population and wages. Our results suggest a number of interesting puzzles. In particular, we find that city location is essentially a random process and that interactions between cities do not help determine the size of a city. Both of these findings contradict our theoretical priors about the role of geography (physical and economic) in determining city outcomes. More detailed study suggests some solutions that allow us to restore a role for geography but a number of puzzles remain.
Keywords: urban growth, spatial evolution, economic geography, kernel estimation,
JEL classifications: R00, C14
Date submitted: 6 June 2002
Date accepted: 25 June 2003
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